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1839

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1839

Births, Marriages, Deaths

Year 1839 (MDCCCXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar).

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Events of 1839

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January - March

• January 9 - The French Academy of Sciences announces the Daguerreotype photography process.
• January 19 - The British East India Company captures Aden.
• January 20 - Battle of Yungay: Chile defeats a Peruvian-Bolivian alliance.
• February 11 - The University of Missouri is established, becoming the first public university west of the Mississippi River.
• February 24 - William Otis receives a patent for the steam shovel.
• March 5 - Longwood University is founded in Farmville, Virginia.
• March 7 - Baltimore City College, the third public high school in the United States, is established in Baltimore, Maryland.
• March 23 - The Boston Morning Post first records the use of "OK" (oll korrect).
• March 26 - The first Henley Royal Regatta is held.
• March 29 - British naturalist Charles Darwin marries his cousin Emma Wedgwood.

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April - June

• April - Sultan Mahmud II of Turkey declared death.
• April 9 - The world's first commercial electric telegraph line comes into operation alongside the Great Western Railway line, from Paddington Station to West Drayton.
• April 19 - The Treaty of London establishes Belgium as a kingdom.
• June 22 - Louis Daguerre receives a patent for his camera (commercially available by September at the price of 400 francs).

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July - September

• July 1 - Slaves aboard the Amistad rebel and capture the ship.
• July 1 - Abd-ul-Mejid (1839-1861) succeeds Mahmud II (1808-1839) as Ottoman Emperor.
• July 23 - First Anglo-Afghan War - Battle of Ghazni: British forces capture the fortress city of Ghazni, Afghanistan.
• August 8 - The Beta Theta Pi fraternity is founded in Oxford, Ohio.
• August 19 - The French government gives Louis Daguerre a pension and gives the daguerreotype "for the whole world".
• August 23 - British forces seize Hong Kong as a base, as it prepares to wage war against Qing China. The ensuing 3-year conflict becomes known as the First Opium War.
• September 9 - In the Great Fire of Mobile, Alabama hundreds of buildings are burned.

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October - December

• October 3 - In the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, a railway between Napoli and Portici (7.4km length) is inaugurated by H.M. King Ferdinand II of Bourbon (the first railway in the Italian peninsula).
• October 15 - Abd al-Kader declares a jihad against the French.
• November 4 - The Newport Rising is the last large-scale armed rebellion against authority in mainland Britain.
• November 11 - The Virginia Military Institute is founded in Lexington, Virginia.
• November 17 - Giuseppe Verdi's first opera, Oberto, conte di San Bonifacio, opens in Milan.
• November 25 - A disastrous cyclone slams India with terrible winds and a giant 40-foot storm surge, wiping out the port city of Coringa; 300,000 people die.
• November 27 - In Boston, Massachusetts, the American Statistical Association is founded.

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Undated

• In the United States, the first state law permitting women to own property is passed in Jackson, Mississippi.
• The first parallax measurement of the distance to Alpha Centauri is published by Thomas Henderson.
• Michael Faraday publishes "Experimental Researches in Electricity" clarifying the true nature of electricity.
• An archaeological excavation on Copan begins.
• Half of the Limburg province of Belgium is added to the Netherlands (since 1839 there is a Belgian Limburg and Dutch Limburg).
• Episcopal High School in Alexandria, Virginia is founded.
• Charles Goodyear vulcanizes rubber.
• The Anti-Corn Law League is founded in Manchester.
• Britain, backed by Russia and Austria, compels France to abandon Muhammad Ali of Egypt, and it forces him to return Syria and Arabia to the Ottomans.
• Tanzimat starts in the Ottoman Empire.
• The Chinese government dispatches Lin Zexu to Guangzhou.

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Ongoing events

• First Opium War (1839-1842)

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Births

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January - June

• January 19 - Paul Cézanne, French painter (d. 1906)
• February 11 - Josiah Willard Gibbs, American physicist and chemist (d. 1903)
• February 22 - Francis Pharcellus Church, American editor and publisher (d. 1906)
• March 9 - Phoebe Knapp, American hymn writer (d. 1908)
• March 16 - John Butler Yeats, Northern Irish artist (d. 1922)
• March 21 - Modest Mussorgsky, Russian composer (d. 1881)
• April 12 - Nikolai Przhevalsky, Russian explorer (d. 1888)
• April 30 - Floriano Peixoto, Brazilian president (d.1895)
• June 17 - Arthur Tooth, Anglican clergyman prosecuted for Ritualist practices in the 1870s (d. 1931)
• June 21 - Machado de Assis, Brazilian author (d. 1908)

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July - December

• July 8 - John Davison Rockefeller, American industrialist and philanthropist (d. 1937)
• July 17 - Ephraim Shay, inventor of the Shay locomotive (d. 1916)
• November 20 - Christian Wilberg, German painter (d. 1882)
• December 5 - George Armstrong Custer, American cavalry officer (d. 1876)
• December 12 - Caroline Lake Ingalls, née Quiner, mother of author Laura Ingalls Wilder (d. 1924)

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Deaths

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January - June

• February 7 - Karl August Nicander, Swedish poet (b. 1799)
• March 2 - Charlotte Napoléone Bonaparte, niece of Napoleon I of France (b. 1802)
• April 1 - Benjamin Pierce, U.S. politician (b. 1757)
• April 2 - Hezekiah Niles, American editor and publisher (b. 1777)
• April 4 - Kaahumanu II, queen of Hawaii
• April 11 - John Galt, Scottish novelist (b. 1779)
• April 22 - Denis Davydov, Russian general and poet (b. 1784)
• May 17 - Archibald Alison, Scottish author (b. 1757)

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July - December

• July 1 - Mahmud II, Ottoman sultan
• July 8 - Fernando Sor, Spanish composer (b. 1778)
• July 15 - Winthrop Mackworth Praed, English politician and poet (b. 1802)
• August 10 - John St. Aubyn, British fossil collector (b. 1758)
• August 22 - Benjamin Lundy, American abolitionist (b. 1789)
• August 28 - William Smith, English geologist and cartographer (b. 1769)
• October - William Light, British Army colonel and the first Surveyor-General of South Australia (b. 1786)
• November 15 - William Murdoch, Scottish inventor (b. 1754)
• December 3 - Frederick VI, King of Denmark, ex-King of Norway (b. 1768)
• December 15 - Ignaz Aurelius Fessler, court councillor and minister to Alexander I (b. 1756)

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1839