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Jo%C3%A3o VI

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John VI of Portugal

Births, Marriages, Deaths

John VI
King of Portugal and the Algarves (more...)
Reign	20 March 1816 – 10 March 1826
Predecessor	Maria I
Successor	Peter IV
Consort	Charlotte of Spain
Issue
Maria Teresa, Princess of Beira Maria Isabel, Queen of Spain Peter IV Infanta Maria Francisca Infanta Isabel Maria Michael Infanta Maria da Assunção Infanta Ana de Jesus Maria, Duchess of Loulé
Royal house	House of Braganza
Father	Peter III
Mother	Maria I
Born	13 May 1767(1767-05-13) Lisbon
Died	10 March 1826 (aged 58) Lisbon

John VI (13 May 1767 – 10 March 1826) (Portuguese João, pronounced [ʒʊˈɐ̃ũ]), the Clement (Port. o Clemente), King of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves (later changed to just King of Portugal and the Algarves, after Brazil was recognized independent in 1825) was born in Lisbon in 1767. John was the 27th (or 28th according to some historians) Portuguese monarch.

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Early life and regency

John was the second son of Maria Francisca of Portugal, the then Princess of Brazil and her husband (and uncle), Infante Pedro, her prince consort. His mother ascended the throne of Portugal in 1777. John's elder brother Joseph died in 1788, so John became the heir apparent and received the title of prince of Brazil.

In 1799 John assumed the reins of government as prince regent in the name of his widowed mother, who had declined into mental illness (perhaps due to porphyria). He retained this position until his mother's death in 1816. John had been brought up in an ecclesiastical atmosphere and, being naturally of a somewhat weak and helpless character, was ill adapted for the responsibilities he was called on to undertake. His wife, Charlotte of Spain, dominated him. In 1807, Portugal was invaded by France. At the urging of Britain, the whole Portuguese royal family fled to Brazil, accompanied by an escort of British ships. His court in exile was established in Rio de Janeiro.

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King of Portugal

In 1816 John was recognized as king of Portugal after his mother's death but he continued to reside in Brazil, which he had raised to the status of a kingdom on 16 December 1815. The consequent spread of dissatisfaction in Portugal resulted in the peaceful revolution of 24 August 1820, and the proclamation of a constitutional government, to which John swore fidelity on his return to Portugal in 1821. In the same year, and again in 1823, he had to suppress a rebellion led by his younger son Miguel, whom he was ultimately compelled to banish in 1824.

Meanwhile his elder son and heir, Pedro, declared Brazilian independence from Portugal on 7 September 1822, and subsequently declared himself Emperor Pedro I. John refused to recognize Brazilian independence until 29 August 1825, when he restored Pedro to the succession in the belief that Brazil and Portugal would be reunited in a dual monarchy federation after his own death. John died at Lisbon on 26 March 1826, and was briefly succeeded by Pedro (as King Pedro IV). Recent tests made to John's intestines, which had been kept buried on a vase, demonstrated that he may have died due to arsenic poisoning. His nemesis, Napoleon, may have also suffered a similar fate.^{[citation needed]}

A fictionalized version of much of his life is depicted in the Brazilian movie Carlota Joaquina - Princesa do Brasil.

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Marriages and descendants

John married Charlotte of Spain (25 April 1775-7 December 1830 in 1785 and had several children:

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Ancestors

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See also

• War of the Two Brothers
• History of Portugal
• History of Brazil

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References

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.

v • d • e The Brazilian Imperial Family Main Line Forefathers: John VI of Portugal  · Queen Charlotte (née Infanta of Spain) First generation: Emperor Pedro I  · Empress Leopoldina (née Archduchess of Austria)  · Empress Amélie (née Princess of Leuchtenberg) Second Generation: Emperor Pedro II  · Empress Teresa Cristina (née Princess of the Two Sicilies)  · Maria II of Portugal  · Januária, Princess Imperial of Brazil  · Princess Francisca of Brazil, Princess of Joinville Third generation: Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil  · Prince Gaston of Orléans, Count of Eu  · Princess Leopoldina of Brazil, Princess of Koháry Fourth generation: Prince Pedro de Alcantara of Orléans-Braganza  · Princess Elisabeth of Orléans-Braganza (née Countess Dobrzensky)  · Prince Luís of Orléans-Braganza  · Princess Maria Pia of Orléans-Braganza (née Princess of the Two Sicilies)  · Prince Antônio Gastão of Orléans-Braganza The Vassouras Branch Fifth generation: Prince Pedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza  · Princess Maria Elisabeth of Orléans-Braganza (née Princess of Bavaria) Sixth generation: Prince Luís of Orléans-Braganza  · Prince Bertrand of Orléans-Braganza  · Prince Antônio of Orléans-Braganza  · Princess Christine of Orléans-Braganza (née Princess of Ligne) Seventh generation: Prince Pedro Luís of Orléans-Braganza  · Prince Rafael of Orléans-Braganza  · Princess Amélia of Orléans-Braganza  · Princess Maria Gabriela Fernanda of Orléans-Braganza The Petrópolis Branch Fifth generation: Prince Pedro Gastão of Orléans-Braganza  · Princess Isabel of Orléans-Braganza, Countess of Paris  · Princess Francisca of Orléans-Braganza  · Prince João of Orléans-Braganza Sixth generation: Prince Pedro Carlos of Orléans-Braganza  · Princess Maria da Gloria of Orléans-Braganza  · Princess Cristina of Orléans-Braganza Seventh generation: Prince Pedro Thiago of Orléans-Braganza  · Prince Filipe of Orléans-Braganza